Q: About Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question about Hormones (H-07)

 

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) occurs as a consequence of genetic deficit of enzymes that participate in the conversion of cholesterol to cortisol. Failure in producing cortisol results in an increase of ACTH secretion and consequently an increased production of androgens and aldosterone disbalance, (most of the cases also show an unability to synthesize aldosterone).  As a result, clinical consequences can be detected in the newborn, from ambiguous genitalia up to salt-losing crisis that threatens the life of the newborn. That is why newborn screening for this disease exists in almost all states. The enzyme deficiency that is most common in CAH is:

 

a)     11 hydroxylase

 

b)     17 hydroxylase

 

c)      21 hydroxylase

 

d)     Desmolase

 

e)     HMGCoA reductase

 

f)       HMGCoA synthase

 

g)     HMGCoA Lyase

 

h)    Sterol cyclase

 

 

Q: About Epinephrine action

 

 

(CM-06) In recent years, Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests have lost support as a diagnostic tool for Diabetes Mellitus. It overdiagnoses diabetes, because a variety of stresses can produce an abnormal response as a consequence of an epinephrine discharge. Even anxiety over venipunctures may generate sufficient epinephrine to produce an abnormal test. Epinephrine induce an elevation in glycemia because this hormone:

 

a)     inhibits gluconeogenesis and  glycogenesis

 

b)     inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

 

c)      inhibits glycogenolysis and glycolysis.

 

d)     stimulates glycogenolysis and inhibits glycogenesis

 

e)     stimulates glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis

 

   

About Thyroid Hormones

 

Question H-06

 

Thyroid Follicle (Picture taken by Mamin, Flickr)

 

Due to its role in thyroid hormones biosynthesis, a radioactive form of this mineral can be use for the diagnosis of Thyroid diseases

 

a} K

 

b) Cu

 

c) I

 

d) Fe

 

e) Zn

 

f) C

 

g) Mg